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Energy subsidies: Lessons learned in assessing their impact and designing policy reforms

… Governments generally like to keep subsidies “off-budget” for political reasons; on-budget subsidies are an easy target for pressure groups … be quantified but not easily compared with the changes in budget expenditures and other economic impacts. 2.4.3 …
25 May 2026 Literature See it in ECOLEX · This content is provided by ECOLEX

Markets and Incentives in Livelihoods and Landscapes Strategy. Using Economic and Financial Tools to Sustain Forest Livelihoods and Landscapes

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Review of laws, policies and economic instruments related to payment for ecosystem services in Vietnam

… to collect and manage environmental charges. State Budget Law of 1996 (amended 2003) Order 13/2001/L-CTN … emphasis on charges and fees being absorbed into the State budget. Although households and individuals are permitted to … the Law on Land Use Right Transfer Tax 1994, 1999 4. State Budget Law of 1996 (amended 2003) 5. Law on Water Resources …
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Payments for Ecosystem Services - Legal and Institutional Frameworks

… transaction costs – by establishing a cap on the PES budget that can be used for ad-• ministrative purposes; while … neither buyer nor seller to have a large part of the PES budget consumed by the transaction cost of legal fees. This … Resources and partakes in the preparation of the federal budget. The National Water Agency implements the National …
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CITES and CBNRM. Proceedings of an international symposium on “The relevance of CBNRM to the conservation and sustainable use of CITES-listed species in exporting countries”

… by villagers. • In Tanzania, the Village Council budget of Ololosokwan village, Ngorongoro District, increased … in the 1990s to the structural adjustment and sector- and budget support phase, the poverty reduction strategies and … via the structural adjustment programmes to the sector and budget support orientation of ODA, closely connected to the …
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The environmental impact of economic incentives for agricultural production: a comparative law study

… of the tax revenue is allocated each year in the State budget for the purposes of afforestation, forest development … of the effluents. The dues may be paid into the general Budget, as in the Federal Republic of Germany and the … the tax authorities to neglect their essential role of budget procurement by emphasizing environmental protection at …
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Community - based incentives for nature conservation

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Legal and institutional aspects of urban and peri-urban foresty and greening

… parks will be built and maintained within the existing budget. Source: www.johannesburg.gov.za UPFG, by its very …
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Economic measures for biodiversity planning: An annotated bibliography of methods, experiences and cases

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