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Review of laws, policies and economic instruments related to payment for ecosystem services in Vietnam

… to fees collected as environmental payments, and their allocation to ecosystem service providers and activities. Law … No. 43/2002/TT-BTC, 07/05/2002, guiding the management and allocation state budget for five million hectares …
17 Jun 2026 Literature See it in ECOLEX · This content is provided by ECOLEX

Community - based incentives for nature conservation

… - Which resources have commercial value? Management and allocation of natural resources: - External managers? - … ownership of land or resources to communities through the allocation of leases, concessions or franchises manage or use … natural resource conservation, most commonly through the allocation of a proportion of protected area fees to …
17 Jun 2026 Literature See it in ECOLEX · This content is provided by ECOLEX

Payments for Ecosystem Services - Legal and Institutional Frameworks

… 51 6.8 Risk Allocation … needed to react to changing circumstances. Risk Allocation Market risk, party risk, and risk of innocent loss … in practice;• PES contract design;• Securities and risk allocation;• Negotiation processes;• Monitoring, … do not need permits and those who need more – than their allocation. Public PES • Public PES are government driven …
17 Jun 2026 Literature See it in ECOLEX · This content is provided by ECOLEX

The environmental impact of economic incentives for agricultural production: a comparative law study

… considerably, if only with regard to the nature and the allocation of fiscal resources. In practice, as the national … essentially interpreted as the provision of loans or the allocation of subsidies. Agricultural credit is in fact … Forestry Fund, which was created in 1946, is a special allocation account sustained by levies exacted on forestry …
17 Jun 2026 Literature See it in ECOLEX · This content is provided by ECOLEX

Energy subsidies: Lessons learned in assessing their impact and designing policy reforms

… fuel or technology. To achieve an economically efficient allocation of resources in a market economy, producers and … economically efficient economy is defined as one where the allocation of resources is such that no one can be made … someone else being made worse off. In economics, such an allocation is also referred to as ‘Pareto Efficient’or …
17 Jun 2026 Literature See it in ECOLEX · This content is provided by ECOLEX

A Gateway to Payments for Ecosystem Services. Using Payments for Ecosystem Services for Livelihoods and Landscapes

… (DRAFT). Payments for Ecosystem Services and Efficient Allocation: An Application to Biodiversity, Carbon …
17 Jun 2026 Literature See it in ECOLEX · This content is provided by ECOLEX

Economic measures for biodiversity planning: An annotated bibliography of methods, experiences and cases

… factors suggested some trade-offs for improving land allocation decisions and The Use of Economic Measures for … decline by reason of their choices regarding the allocation of resources. The paper commences by setting forth … more fundamental theory of human choice regarding resource allocation and biodiversity depletion. This theory is then …
17 Jun 2026 Literature See it in ECOLEX · This content is provided by ECOLEX

Markets and Incentives in Livelihoods and Landscapes Strategy. Using Economic and Financial Tools to Sustain Forest Livelihoods and Landscapes

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CITES and CBNRM. Proceedings of an international symposium on “The relevance of CBNRM to the conservation and sustainable use of CITES-listed species in exporting countries”

… a claim to a share of the land from elders controlling the allocation, and were considered among the rightful owners of … execution to an NGO in order to encourage fast and direct allocation of funds to research and monitoring. In this … strongly encourage better prices in pursuit of an optimum allocation of benefits (Micucci and Waller 2007). Section 3. …
17 Jun 2026 Literature See it in ECOLEX · This content is provided by ECOLEX