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… climate variability, will also affect biodiversity, and ecosystem composition, function, and vulnerability. Toxicity … over the oceans. Additional warming occurs in cities and urban areas, often referred to as the ‘urban heat island effect’. An increase in temperature of …

… makers – draft 19 October 2015 1. More than 95% of the urban population in Europe is exposed to concentrations of … remains indispensable, as a substantial part of health and ecosystem impacts is caused by transboundary transport of … Effective reduction of the PM2.5 exposure of the urban population requires emission reductions of precursor …

… varies by geographical characteristics (for example, sub-urban, rural, remote). To aid future ozone-based risk … mortality in India and China associated with exposure to urban and industrial air pollution. 9.Available information …