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… nutrient cycling, changes in ecosystems productivity ECOSYSTEM SERVICES IMPACTED EFFECTS ON HUM AN HEALTH … prey dynamics, productivity of soil and livestock. ECOSYSTEM SERVICES IMPACTED EFFECTS ON HUMAN HEALTH Leaching, … humans and wildlife of protein continue to be exposed (Island 2013). Some studies show that, if current pollution …

… climate variability, will also affect biodiversity, and ecosystem composition, function, and vulnerability. Toxicity … with a better understanding of how these combine to affect ecosystem and human health will assist the scientific … and urban areas, often referred to as the ‘urban heat island effect’. An increase in temperature of 1 °C, which is …