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… down the food chain, i.e., whether top of the food chain species are most affected, causing a ripple down effect to lower trophic level species, or whether changes in lower trophic level species will lead to disturbances in the viability of higher …

… is currently a major cause of the loss of red list species. It stimulates dominant species such as grasses, bushes, algae and nettle. Reducing … than additional nature management to protect threatened species. There are many cost-effective ammonia measures …

… known to habitats and ecosystems, especially changes in species composition, ecosystem DIFFERENT POLLUTANTS CHEMICAL … habitats, toxicity, reduction in population size of species such as frogs, feminization of fish Impairment of … marine ecosystems a) Nutrient risk: The nutrient risk indicator takes into account both the amount of nutrients …

… IN ABC EMISSIONS 10.Emissions of various ABC precursor species increased rapidly after the 1950s. During the period …