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… in the air. This unit discusses smoke haze created by forest fires. Southeast Asia is particularly confronted with forest and land fires. The worst fires accompanied by smoke … effects of haze smoke pose a serious threat to global biodiversity. Furthermore, scientists have warned that the …

… particles are comparable to the acidification of lakes and forest soils that was revealed in the 1970s. This … climate and energy policy as well as to agricultural and biodiversity policies. Most climate policy measures will … of the water. In the 1980s the acidification of forest soils was identified in large parts of Europe. These …

… including increasing climate variability, will also affect biodiversity, and ecosystem composition, function, and … have been identified, such as PCdd s and PCdF s from forest fires (Hung et al., 2010). The geographical occurrence … leaf- bearing plants in Arctic regions may promote this ‘forest pump effect’ from atmosphere to soil. 2. Wind fields …

… land and water is causing shifts in ecosystems and loss of biodiversity; plastics in the ocean is on the rise and there … pollutants contribute to air pollution and loss of biodiversity (Vet 2014). Similarly there have been great … used for livestock management. These degrade soil biodiversity and functioning, and can reduce agricultural …