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… caused by transboundary transport of pollutants. Effective reduction of the PM2.5 exposure of the urban population requires emission reductions of precursor emissions in a wider area: … use of biomass and biofuels could increase air pollution. Emission reduction of black carbon (e.g. from diesel and …

… of mitigation activities for climate change and POP s emission reduction 42 6.1. Introduction 42 6.2. Technological and non-technological measures for emission reductions of greenhouse gases and unintentionally …

… scatter solar radiation back to space, leading to a reduction of solar radiation at the surface (known as surface … 2004 period. Cumulatively, these decadal trends suggest a reduction of about 20 W m-2 from the 1970s up to the present, … damage caused by pollutants linked to ABCs via common emission sources or chemical reactions in the atmosphere …

… development and immune system Water and air purification, reduction of plant biomass, altered climate regulation … immunity suppression, increased antimicrobial resistance Reduction of available food due to contamination, control of pests and vectors, reduction in productivity and cycling of nutrients, distorted …