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… face of the increased demand for land-intensive crops and livestock. Land degradation contributes to climate change and … to climate change and other natural resource pressures. 3. Farming for multiple benefits: optimizing the most desirable … trees in a community- managed forest provide fodder for livestock; fruits and vegetables are collected by women; …

… systems (such as crop production, nomadic and sedentary livestock raising, and provision of infrastructure). The … of country autonomous organizations and NGOs, the role of farming organs (farmers’ associations, economic-aid units) … land capacity conservation, forest management and good livestock husbandry. Thus, LD had become severe and …

… fodder and timber. • Overgrazing – overgrazing by livestock leads to loss of vegetation cover, but also causes soil compaction by livestock trampling. In turn, an effect of overgrazing is the … and more diversified (and more food secure) output from farming systems”. See Tenberg, A., and M. Stocking, 2001, …

… by the oasis in respect of the populations, their livestock and local agriculture; and b. the preservation of … and reuse in situ of the waste and by-products from farming and livestock-rearing activities; CLARIFYING that, nevertheless, …

… timber extraction. ■ Overgrazing: overgrazing by livestock leads to loss of vegetation cover, but also causes soil compaction by livestock trampling. Overgrazing predisposes soil to water … for soil conservation; and adaptive capacities of farming systems and land users”. 140 Factors listed by Hurni …

… large areas, especially in developing countries, for farming, mining, tourism and other uses. Governments welcome … 91 See I Hannam, ‘Legal and Policy Framework to Support a Livestock/Grassland National Appropriate Mitigation Action in …