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… assessed as by far the most serious, followed by mining, oil and gas projects, road construction and construction of … dams and hydroelectric energy projects and mining and oil and gas development; other issues require international … 22 CURRENT THREATS AFFECTING NATURAL WORLD HERITAGE SITES POLLUTION 42 Air-bornepollutants Solid waste 11 Agricultural …

… including roads, dams, tourism facilities, mining and oil and gas development are also among the top potential … The rapid expansion of tourism facilities is causing water pollution due to excessive water use and inadequate sewage … Aquaculture Avalanches/ Landslides Utility / Service Lines Oil/ Gas exploration/development Air Pollution Renewable …

… fishing industry and environmental information held by the oil and gas industry) and providing better mechanisms for … forest: i.e. industrial plantations for timber, food, oil palm etc = Forest Protected Area 121 IUCN, and … outside protected areas that affects their ecology through pollution or other impacts – Mining leases that buffer …

… well as weather patterns. Land, air, freshwater and marine pollution further threatens conditions in the natural … port developers and fisher folk, mining interests (oil, sand, clay, etc.) and riverside communities who conserve … under the EEZA require that those exploring for oil and gas must adhere to the Seismic Code of Conduct which …

… change is brought about by industrial activity, including oil and gas extraction, mining, industrial logging, … meet this standard in an era of climate change and global pollution (Venter et al. 2016, Halpern et al. 2016). However, … (IUCN) (2013). IUCN World Heritage Advice Note: Mining and Oil/Gas Projects www.iucn.org/theme/world-heritage/ …

… result of industrialisation, population growth, increased pollution, intensive extraction of natural resources, and … by the impact their activities generate on the site (an oil company operating just outside the site, for example) or … ministeries local private operators (mining companies, oil compa- nies, forestry companies, etc.) internal private …

… crime, vandalism, littering, dumping, and light and noise pollution; and • Are subject to such urban edge effects as … invasive alien species, urban wastewater, and waste and oil from ships. In addition, there is intrusive noise from … increasingly proposed and sometimes built: an underground oil pipeline was recently constructed just inside the park …

… and other natural resources as well as the control of pollution and hazardous materials. The environmental legal … administration, and operate as provincial laws. Mineral oil and natural gas are included in the Federal Legislative … mines and oilfields. Exploitation of minerals other than oil and natural gas, therefore, is a provincial subject. Laws …

… of collisions and groundings, with 5 out of 26 ‘major’ oil spills recorded in Australian waters having occurred in … coastal development and deforestation to climate change, pollution to overfishing have endangered mangroves and coral … its history. In 1992 when the tanker Aegean Sea caused an oil spill in a nearby area, the foredune (in addition to …

… control of problems such as fire, pests, poaching, marine pollution and smuggling. Box 2.1 lists other examples of … also Box 3.5). Collaborate in con- tingency planning for oil spills and safeguarding marine protected areas. The … Maritime Organization (IMO) has guidelines available for oil spill containment (IMO, 1995). 3. Good practice …