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… 250 elcsecretariat@iucn.org www.iucn.org/law Payments for Ecosystem Services Legal and Institutional Frameworks IUCN nr 78_RZ.indd 1 19.01.2010 12:14:58 Uhr Payments for Ecosystem Services Legal and Institutional Frameworks … pollution. Conservation of environmentally valuable or vulnerable lands is encouraged through reductions of land …

… their operations and their dependency on biodiversity and ecosystem services1 can have major implications both for … change is high, because: • Agriculture is extremely vulnerable to climate change. Higher temperatures eventually … Red List: Critically Endangered (CR), Endangered (EN), and Vulnerable categories (VU)) b. CITES Appendix I species c. …

… all stages of the mitigation hierarchy. 15. Apply the Ecosystem approach in all stages of the mitigation hierarchy. … and/or ecosystems into the IUCN Red List Categories of Vulnerable, Endangered, Critically Endangered, Extinct in the … (for example because they are more irreplaceable and vulnerable) than those affected by the development project …

… in marine protected areas and in habitats containing vulnerable species such as marine mammals, and by … in: i. marine protected areas; ii. habitats containing vulnerable species; iii. special events such as migrations …

… right to water and non-discrimination against the most vulnerable and marginalized groups of society, in particular … to water (which covers basic human needs), appropriate ecosystem management has an important role in the provision … and coastal areas; ALSO CONVINCED of the vital role of ecosystem services in securing access to and maintaining the …

… 38 Table 12. Summary of direct and indirect markets for ecosystem services and potential for growth 43 Table 13. … Conservation Union JI Joint Implementation MA Millennium Ecosystem Assessment MIGA Multilateral Investment Guarantee … evidence of the decline in (critically) threatened and/or vulnerable species, which have declined on average about 8% …

… water strategies has talked of a ‘rapidly evolving ‘ecosystem’ of water investors, entrepreneurs, NGOs, private … and monitoring, water stewardship initiatives are vulnerable to corrupt behaviours, capture, and manipulation … to lower bills and extend the assistance it provides to vulnerable customers who may be struggling to pay their …

… the long-term conservation of nature with associated ecosystem services and cultural values. The definition is … Australia makes the covenants that protect them relatively vulnerable (Adams & Moon, 2013). The key bundle of rights for … areas and restrictions on visitation to protect highly vulnerable ecosystems), this is not a criterion for a …