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… forests) provide important ecosystem services such as carbon storage, air regulation, fuelwood, freshwater flow, … freight – which is responsible for much higher levels of carbon emissions per product (FF 2007). Consumer care Over … with other end users, a Net Positive Impact strategy to offset the impacts at the landscape level (IUCN, 2015). …

… of NPI are the rise in government biodiversity offset regulations and the widespread establishment of … backed up by detailed protocols on impact mitigation, offset design and quantitative impact measurement (TBC, … assets on company balance sheets (e.g. by selling forest carbon credits or excess biodiversity credits to other …

… or insurance products to companies with significant carbon footprints. On the other hand, FIs that understand the … “bite-sized” components or issues (e.g., fresh water, carbon, flood control); otherwise, the issue remains too big … Species List, if the damage this has caused is being offset. The two types of markets that were created in this …

… guided by the hierarchy of “avoid, minimize, mitigate and offset” to reduce impacts. Set targets for improvement, and … sequestering or emitting greenhouse gases (GHG) such as carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O); … encourage emissions reductions, such as incentives for low-carbon technologies, are also likely to play an important …

… the evolution from own use to shared use. In 2015, the Carbon Trust pointed to businesses simultaneously living in … of detail required before 2009). 8 Formerly called the ‘Carbon Disclosure Project’ but, with its broader remit … site-based water footprints through a localised offset does not attempt to address the major water use …

… a company may also choose to in- clude adjoining or nearby offset areas that might be managed to compensate for habitat … become valuable for biodiversity. If there is a formal offset area agreed with the relevant author- ities as part of … owned by the company or not. Any area constituting an offset that is based on a less for- mal or voluntary …

… in more and more sectors (agriculture, water supply, carbon sequestration, biodiversity conservation, etc.) and in … different ecosystem services in its definition, namely carbon sequestration, hydrological services, soil … donors and private companies, including carbon offset purchases (Pro- posta Proambiente 2003). However, this …

… developed/harvested – sometimes called a ‘biodiversity offset’ or a ‘mitigation’ effort. In some cases such PPAs are … for the property was both biodiversity conservation and carbon sequestration (by removing stock from this former … – an industry perspective on financing conservation for carbon and biodiversity markets’. In P. Figgis, J. Fitzsimons …