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… services can be affected when ecosystems become degraded. Water quality can decline, carbon can be emitted into the … is by far the most comprehensive and easy-to-understand treatment of FLR yet written. It complements other work being … Kenya, was excavated down to 1 m above the brackish water table. Casuarina equisetifolia was planted directly …

… in meeting their basic needs for energy, food, and clean water. * Legal Officer, IUCN Environmental Law Centre, Bonn, … different from PES for other ecosystem services, such as water purification or aesthetic landscape enrichment. … outcome is more likely to occur via: fair and effective treatment of ownership and land ownership and use rights; …

… boosting livelihoods, economies, food and fuel production, water security and climate change adaptation and mitigation. … large amounts of carbon, protecting downstream water supplies and providing rich wildlife habitat. • … might only have limited percentage of its area under FLR treatment (e.g. 3% protective restoration, 5% new plantings, …