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… when numerous upstream landholders dedicate their land to intensive agricultural or cattle-ranching activities, or when forest owners convert their forest land to agricultural land. In these cases, down- stream water … Conservation and protection of existing ecosystems; or • Rehabilitation of degraded ecosystems for protection. • 2.3.4 …

… will inevitably involve trade-offs among the different land-use types, each of which provides a different mix of … managed landscapes, where agriculture is often a major land use. Ecosystem services, however, can often highlight … agroforests, secondary forest fallows, community forest rehabilitation and multiple-use forest management, have the …