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… when numerous upstream landholders dedicate their land to intensive agricultural or cattle-ranching activities, or when forest owners convert their forest land to agricultural land. In these cases, down- stream water …

… will inevitably involve trade-offs among the different land-use types, each of which provides a different mix of … and synergies?” 11 � Chomitz, K. 2007. At Loggerheads? Agricultural Expansion, Poverty Reduction, and Environment in … strive for a better joint management of conservation and agricultural production in support of rural livelihoods. � …

… 2. Valuing and Managing Watershed Services 21 2.1 Linking land and water use to downstream benefits 21 2.2 Valuation of … and tools that relate development to conservation, agricultural and industrial production, and the increasing … storage capacity (m3/m2) • Pollutant concentrations • Agricultural water use (m3/ha) • Fish stock (kg/m3) • Amounts …