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… and challenges of the Vienna Convention and the Montreal Protocol Recount of the most prominent achievements of the Convention and Protocol to date and the biggest challenges laying ahead. … and challenges of the Vienna Convention and the Montreal Protocol https://elearning.informea.org/ …

… for the Protection of the Ozone Layer and for the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer United … Nairobi, Kenya ozone.unep.org and http://montreal-protocol.org mea-ozoneinfo@un.org ISBN: 978-9966-076-34-2 … in Breisgau, Germany ozone.unep.org http://montreal-protocol.org mailto:mea-ozoneinfo@un.org Foreword The 1985 …

… precautionary principle or approach. 2. The 1987 Montreal Protocol on Substances that deplete the Ozone Layer 18. In … countries reconvened in Montreal in 1987 to adopt a protocol regarding the phase out of ozone depleting substances (“Montreal Protocol”). During the negotiations of the Montreal Protocol, …

… reduction targets for Annex I Parties in the 1997 Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on … and any related instruments it may adopt such as the Kyoto Protocol. The COP also serves as the formal meeting of the Parties (CMP) for the Kyoto Protocol. The first meeting of the CMP was held together with …

… soon be almost completely phased out under the Montreal Protocol on Substances That Deplete the Ozone Layer. HCs – … They will therefore be phased out under the Montreal Protocol over the next several decades. HFCs – Hydrofl … powerful greenhouse gases, they are included in the Kyoto Protocol on climate change. PFCs – Perfl uorocarbons are …

… the Protection of the Ozone Layer40 and the 1987 Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer.41 The … Convention on Climate Change42 and the 1997 Kyoto Protocol to the Convention43 were later concluded to meet the … Pollutants (1998); and the multi-pollutant/multi-effects Protocol to Abate Acidification, Eutrophication and …

… 2014), pp. 333-347. 116 In adopting the 2000 Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety, States opted for “precautionary … London: Earthscan, 2011), pp. 3-35. 117 For example, 1996 Protocol to the London Dumping Convention and the 2001 … and Other Matter (London Convention 1972 and its 1996 Protocol) (articles 4 and 5, annexes II and III); 136 (b) …

… action” (paragraph 6 of the preamble). The 1987 Montreal Protocol (also 197 Parties) cautious against “the potential … nature. 32. Furthermore, it should be noted that the Protocol to Abate Acidification, Eutrophication and … change.85 The text of the preamble to the amended 1999 Protocol reads, in part, as follows: “Concerned also that …