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Maritime Traffic Effects on Biodiversity in the Mediterranean Sea. Volume 2 - Legal Mechanisms to Address Maritime Impacts on Mediterranean Biodiversity
… is self- evident, with over 80 percent of international trade being transported by sea. As a result of the vital role … (UNCTAD, 2005). 20 It is neither per se wrong, nor is it illegal, to contract out execution of flag state duties as … principal cause of VSP. Not all discharges from ships are illegal. MARPOL is the key instrument embodying IMO’s policy …
Maritime Traffic Effects on Biodiversity in the Mediterranean Sea. Volume 1 - Review of Impacts, Priority Areas and Mitigation Measures
… vessels (including hosed and scraped paint fragments), illegal use of organotin-based paints on recreational … and approximately 30% by volume of international sea-borne trade has its origin or destination in the 300 ports in the … waste and cargo residues into the sea, especially illegal discharges, from ships using ports in the Community, …
Risks from Maritime Traffic to Biodiversity in the Mediterranean Sea. Identification of Issues and Possible Responses
… infrastructure expansion. Despite growth in the oil trade, the number of recorded tanker spills due to accidents … aircraft for aerial surveys) and of means to control illegal and environmentally harmful activities at sea. 17 5. … the Mediterranean Sea is still experiencing problems with illegal operational discharges. Modern technology (such as …