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… FAO LEGISLATIVE STUDY 93 Integrated coastal management law Establishing and strengthening national legal frameworks for integrated coastal management FOREWORD More than a decade ago the Food … for example, in the development of the so-called "ecosystem approach" by the Conference of the Parties to the …

… as marshes, peatlands, floodplains, rivers and lakes, and coastal areas such as saltmarshes, mangroves, and seagrass … broad definition (Article 2.1). applies to inland and coastal wetlands: “areas of marsh, fen, peatland or water, … authorities; e) jurisdictional constraints on ecosystem management of river basins and coastal areas; f) …

… environmental, health, and economic threats to oceans and coastal ecosystems. It also presents a unique legal and … is discarded, disposed of or abandoned in the marine and coastal environment.”1 This definition includes items … Litter Legislation: A Toolkit for Policymakers52 the ecosystem and possible pollution of the marine environment …

… in order to meet environmental needs and to maintain ecosystem services. 2.4. Causes of Low Groundwater Quality … in the water or subsoil (e.g. arsenic or fluoride). In coastal areas sinking groundwater tables due to over … quality can degrade when sea water ingresses in coastal areas due to rising marine levels caused by climate …

… agriculture, forestry, biodiversity, fisheries and marine/coastal areas, sustainable tourism, energy and climate … 108 3.5 Marine/Coastal … efficiency, and prevent the loss of biodiversity and ecosystem services. These investments need to be catalyzed … increasing energy prices, loss of biodiversity and ecosystem degradation have compelled countries in the region …

… FAO Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries. Further, an ecosystem-based approach to fisheries management has yet to … sea" concept. By Articles 56 and 57 of the Convention, coastal states have "the sovereign rights for the purpose of … between the Commonwealth and the states. The Commonwealth Coastal Waters (State Powers) Act 1980 and the Coastal Waters …

… . . . . . . 21 3. Ecological networks: costs, benefits and ecosystem services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . … Green infrastructure includes forests, rivers, coastal zones, parks, eco-corridors and other natural or … protected areas such as floodplain areas, wetlands, coastal areas, natural forests, etc.; • natural landscape …

… diversity in situ and ex situ, including through ecosystem management and land use policies, as well as for … all forests have been cleared; • more than 60 per cent of coastal wetlands in southern and eastern Australia have been … encrusted on their hulls. These species damage marine and coastal environments.31 In the past decade, a great deal of …

… a legal requirement in many countries, and the concept of ecosystem services can help in assessing these; however, … of biodiversity in EIAs and SEAs in marine and coastal areas (CBD COP decision XI/18). At the 13th meeting … to ensure conservation and sustainable use of marine and coastal biodiversity by implementing relevant tools, …

… Rights in Relation to Protected Areas • Jon Day, Director, Ecosystem Conservation and Sustainable Use, Great Barrier … the evolution and development of terrestrial, fresh water, coastal and marine ecosystems and communities of plants and … land and water-use plans, the provision and regulation of coastal defences, maritime traffic and drainage. Key threats …