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… example of an abiotic disease is lead poisoning: caused by exposure to the heavy metal lead [►Table 1-1]. Table 1-1. … and/or � Host animals are moved to a new area (exposure of immunologically naïve animals to new pathogens). … are more susceptible to disease outbreaks and length of exposure to a stressor determines how likely it is that …

… and the receptor response to the stressor. Measurement of exposure and effect quantify the degree of interaction …

… precipitate a human influenza pandemic, given the ongoing exposure of humans to the circulating avian virus through …

… specificity, and repro- ductive potential), as well as the exposure of each species’ habitat to climate change in the …

… ese edge effects include increased interaction with humans, exposure to predators and competitors  …