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… UNION FOR CONSERVATION OF NATURE Global Marine and Polar Programme Rue Mauverney 28 1196 Gland Switzerland Tel: … Union for Conservation of Nature) Global Marine and Polar Programme Rue Mauverney 28 1196 Gland, Switzerland Tel: … the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources EbA Ecosystem-based Adaptation EbM Ecosystem-based Mitigation EC …

… areas also provide a wide range of other essential ecosystem services (Figgis et al. 2015, MA 2005). For … Central Pacific 17,414,445.1 1,876,671.8 10.8% Antarctic Polar Front 2,248,136.2 1,002,555.5 44.6% Subantarctic … very large wilderness areas are found in the Antarctic Polar Front (1 million km2, 44.6%), Subantarctic (802,858 …

… rates and human impacts have reached the distant polar regions and the high seas; AWARE that effectively … important tools that help conserve the critical habitats, ecosystem services and biodiversity that support human life; … network should target protection of both biodiversity and ecosystem services and should include at least 30% of each …

… a system of such areas to ensure long-term protection of ecosystem processes, biological diversity and productivity … such as seamounts, hydrothermal vents and coldwater/polar areas and to improve implementation of the legal … will cause loss of oceans productivity particularly in the polar seas and over coral reefs. management. High seas MPAs …

… Coastal and Marine Protected Areas IUCN Global MarINe aNd Polar ProGraMMe Overview of coastal and marine conservation … Carl Gustaf Lundin IUCN, Director of the Global Marine and Polar Programme vi European Union Overseas Coastal and Marine … Jncc Joint Nature Conservation Committee lme Large marine ecosystem lmma Locally marine managed area mcPa Marine and …

… Assessment Report, 2007). Due to these pressures and ecosystem responses, climate change is now considered a major … future due to temperature and salinity alterations in the Polar Regions. Global changes in climate There is widespread … cascading effects, which will propagate at community and ecosystem levels and may signifi- cantly alter the structure …

… the long-term conservation of nature with associated ecosystem services and cultural values. The definition is … as the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands Coral Reef Ecosystem Reserve in 2000, the new site was the first truly … Eastern Pacific Marine Corridor, the Palau Sanctuary, the Polar Regions, RAMOGE, Pelagos Sanctuary Agreement, the …