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… IUCN Environmental Law Programme Environmental Law Centre Godesberger Allee … or to other people in relation to natural resources. Customary rules of indigenous and traditional communities may … or religious communities (sometimes referred to as customary law), which can be recognized by states through …

… Protected Areas Legislation IUCN Environmental Policy and Law Paper No. 81 G uidelines for P rotected A reas … special rights or interests, including traditional or customary rights to lands, waters or resources. 31 32 33 8 … and agreements; national, provincial and local law; customary law; covenants of non-governmental organizations …

… as a or the basis for categorizing protected areas under law; To set budgets – some countries base scales of annual ● … and agreements ● National, provincial and local law ● Customary law ● Covenants of NGOs ● Private trusts and … and/or local communi- ties through various forms of customary or legal, formal or informal, institutions and …

… from humanity, but rather forms an integral part of customary world views, territories and practices. The term … of Indigenous Peoples and local communities from their customary lands – or with restrictions on customary practices … C. (ed.) (2008). A handbook on international wilder- ness law and policy. Fulcrum Publishing, Golden, Colorado. Kormos, …

… for this observation. If the rights and legitimate customary uses of the resources are neither understood nor … the result of such endeavours is a profound violation of customary rights, culture and the very livelihoods of local … An almost absolute legal blockage would be, for example, a law that prohibits delegating protected area management …

… of Victoria; Sara Calabrese, Stetson University College of Law; Nigel Crawhall, Indigenous Peoples of Africa … They can overlay multiple jurisdictions and community and customary boundaries and can impact access to important … of larger areas. For example, reinvigorated ra‘ui (customary marine managed areas) across the Cook Islands …

… Seas Programme Tomme Rosanne Young, IUCN Environmental Law Centre, Senior Legal Officer Tony Koslow, CSIRO Australia … and interested stakeholders, including those with customary rights (Steps 1-3 need to occur from the beginning) … authorities and interested parties, including any with customary rights (e.g. ISA, IMO, neighbouring governments, …