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… divided into maritime zones. These comprise areas within national jurisdiction, such as the territorial sea, exclusive … economic zone and continental shelves, as well as areas beyond national jurisdiction, such as the high seas and deep … to its coast, described as the territorial sea. This area typically extends 12 nautical miles from the state’s …

… pollution from offshore activities and to ensure that national measures are no less effective than international … and rare-earth elements found in the deep seabed (or The Area) are used by the high-tech and green-tech industries. The Area covers the entire seabed beyond the limits of national jurisdiction and it is …

… created impetus for states to assert claims of national jurisdiction further from the coast, setting them on … pollution to other states and their environment or areas beyond those where states exercise sovereign rights, that is, … transfer pollution from one type to another, or from one area to another. For example, sewage can be a land-based …