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… term “areas beyond national jurisdiction” refers to the high seas and the Area. Both maritime zones are outside of the … carried out with regard to microbial MGR found in the high seas, i.e. the water column in marine areas beyond …

… the water column above the extended CS the freedom of the High Seas applies. Therefore, if benthic organisms are sampled … noteworthy to empha- size the regime of the international high seas and deep seabed areas. Although states are obliged …

… a great technical and administrative challenge, leading to high transaction costs. All this explains the complex … uncertainties, administrative deficiencies and delays, and high transaction costs may lead to considerable frustration … international legal framework governing the oceans and seas. It “sets out the legal frameworks within which all …