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… of large marine ecosystems (LMEs) and other transboundary water systems (open ocean, groundwater aquifers, lakes and … both beneficial and detrimental, to marine ecosystems. Sea surface temperatures have increased in all but two LMEs since … and decreases in 31 LMEs from 2003 to 2013. Average global surface sea temperature has risen over the past century, with …

… Sea-level rise further results in coastal erosion and salt-water intrusion. There is a risk that mangroves, … Möller, I., Spalding, M., The response of mangrove soil surface elevation to sea level rise (2013), at https://www. … ConservationPractices/Marine/crr/library/Documents/mangrove-surface-elevation-and-sea-level-rise.pdf 26 National Blue …

… a series of relationships between large marine ecosystems, water- sheds, national boundaries, and regional ocean … predators are removed that feed on algae attached to the surface of corals, allowing algal growth to smother the … assessment of organic car- bon accumulation in surface coastal sediments; changes in plankton community …