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… tion and sustainable development that they deserve special protection. Where effective national or local conservation … of agricultural systems, coupled with specialization by plant breeders and the harmonizing effects of globalization, … importance with a sub-spe- cies of a wild animal or plant? How should conservation of livestock and crop …

… some kinds of protected area that specifically include the protection of human-altered landscapes (Dudley 2008). This is … in, and a specific spiritual relationship to nature. Protection of cultural landscapes can contribute to modern … of ‘wild’ biodiversity, but also in the protection of plant and animal genetic diversity (including …

… to complement the more established approaches of forest protection. If we are to address some of the major challenges … phase Indicators Acquiring better knowledge • Animal and plant species studied (seed sources, nursery techniques, etc) … plantations. Protection of the understorey can enhance plant and animal biodiversity (a conservation benefit) and …

… plots because the transaction costs of management (protection and reforestation) would be too much for … sites. Farmers have been very keen to grow seedlings and plant these crops. There has been no cash benefit in the … They also compiled inventories that identified over 40 plant species including rafflesia, which they have documented …

… and ecological connections • Restore natural coastal protection systems • Improve the provision of environmental … zoning, economic pressures on forests, soil conditions for plant growth, fire resilience, and potential land use. Most … Tr ee s/ ha Crop production Livestock production Wild plant food, fibres, medicines Bushmeat Water supply (e.g. …

… as it was here that, in 1948, the Swiss League for the Protection of Nature, a non-governmental organisation now … of lands, waters, mineral resources, wildlife, forests and plant life is available. Special laws on protected areas, on … as well as for protecting the habitat of wildlife and plant life, water protection areas shall be established. A …

… of genetic resources for medicine and biotechnology, plant pollination, carbon sequestration, and soil formation. … into those related to ecosystem productivity (e.g. plant pollination), the insurance value (e.g. storm … PES, explained as an ecosystem approach to environmental protection. The author established a market for a water …