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… IPR – Intellectual Property Right MTA – Material Transfer Agreement PGR – Plant Genetic Resources PGRFA – Plant Genetic … forced breeders and farmers to seek access to PGRFA on a bilateral basis and by practical difficulties of negotiating … benefit sharing, thereby avoiding the need to resort to bilateral negotiations over each trans- action. These …

… Jan Engels, Transaction cost of germplasm exchange under bilateral agreements, in Strenghtening partnerships in …