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… of this type can usually be addressed through conventional land-use and environmental management regulations or … or unintentionally. Factors contributing directly to such degradation in- clude land clearance, intensive exploitation and pol- lution. Many …

… for example by oil rigs, but could also take the form of land reclamation, artificial islands or installations for … related to resources or not and whether they take place on land or at sea, have an impact on the marine environment and … The most serious threats to marine biodiversity are degradation and loss of habitats, overexploitation and …

… coastal State comprises the submerged prolongation of the land territory of the coastal State - the seabed and subsoil … State, and are open to all States, whether coast- al or land-locked Freedom of the High Seas shall be exercised by … (2005) and Census of Marine Life (2011) identified degradation of marine living resources as a critical issue …

… failure, thirst, power cuts, loss of transport links, and degradation of ecosystem services. Water is stored in many … Some countries such as Kuwait and Saudi Arabia are buying land for food production in other countries (e.g., Su- dan, … areas, groundwater storage may become non-renewable. Major land use change can also affect large scale atmospheric …

… threats to marine and coastal ecosystems, together with land-based sources of marine pollution, overexploitation of living marine resources, and habitat degradation. Management action against invasive species aims … as the main threat to island biodiversity. However, land makes up less than 2% of the vast Pacific region, and …

… “Harm” includes “significant habitat modification or degradation where it actually kills or injures wildlife by … of the species are proven. See Palila v. Hawaii Dep’t of Land & Natural Res., 649 F. Supp. 1070, 1075 (D. Haw. 1986), … agency, such as FWS, EPA, U.S. Forest Service, Bureau of Land Management, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Natural …