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… 9 1.1.1 Water basins … 23 2.1 Sources of international law related to water … but merely to give more clarity and depth to the current treatment of some of these issues and to create room for … and policies aimed at non-discrimination and equal treatment. In many of these cases, cooperation has resulted …

… from Jing Lee and Anton Earle Te ch ni ca l P ap er World Water Assessment Programme United Nations Transboundary water governance and climate change adaptation: International … Parliament and Council, 2008)); the 1991 Urban Wastewater Treatment Directive (European Council, 1991a); the 1991 …

… 13 1.1 Water scarcity and governance … 21 2.3 Actors Created by Water Agreements at the Global Level … 22 2.4 Actors Created by Regional and Basin Water Agreements … 98 4 5.7.1. Treatment of MEAs … water law principles and provisions and how that treatment relates to the implementation of the United Nations …

… Measures Principles Other obligations The Protocol on Water and Health The Protocol on Civil Liability 2. Protocol … use. An important example of regulation of transboundary water resources at the regional level is the 1992 Convention … well as for the performance of water supply and wastewater treatment. They are also required to reduce outbreaks and the …

… of the basin states concerned. The focus is on surface water resources, since a specific module – Module E – is … reduction and control of pollution of transboundary water resources, (b) legal and institutional requirements to … (Art. 3.1., a, b and c); at a minimum, biological treatment for municipal wastewater (Art. 3.1.e); the …

… at the basin level, including the 2002 Senegal River Water Charter, the 2008 Niger Basin Water Charter and the 2012 Lake Chad Basin Charter and case … waste disposal installations for incineration, chemical treatment or landfills of toxic and dangerous wastes, …

… Recommendations 1. Environmental, human and agricultural water stresses often occur in the same transboundary river basins, resulting in competition for water between sectors and between countries. Relative risk … or very high in 218 out of 286 basins. Improved wastewater treatment and nutrient management in agriculture are needed …

… agencies and other bodies responsi- ble for transboundary water issues. It is hoped that the document will also be … stakeholders from other sectors with a direct relevance to water, such as health, environment, education, agriculture, … limits based on best available technology; biological treatment or equivalent processes should be applied to …