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… Watercourse 77 2.1.2 International watercourse 78 2.1.3 Ecosystem approach 78 2.1.4 Groundwater 79 2.1.5 Scope of … 184 Article 23 | Protection and Preservation of the Marine Environment 185 23.1 Commentary 185 23.2 Application … Global Programme of Action for the Protection of the Marine Environment from Land- based Activities Hydrology for …

… obligations related to pollution, alien species, and the marine environment include that States must “prevent, reduce … watercourse that are necessary to protect and preserve the marine environment, including estuaries...” (article 23). … nd-management/article-23-protection-and-preservation-of-the-marine-environment/ 11. Harmful Conditions and Emergency …

… 99 5.7.2. Protecting the watercourse and ecosystem … Waters focus area includes both freshwater and marine systems and was established to assist countries to … surface water basins, groundwater basins, and coastal and marine systems to enable the sharing of benefits from their …

… 12 1.1.4 Coastal-marine area … 89 5.5 Ecosystem … based on the principles of sustainable development, ecosystem emphasis and efficient governance. The most … supply the main river with water, as well as the coastal-marine area in situations where the river flows out into the …

… of dams to maximise human benefits and minimise negative ecosystem impacts and sediment trapping. This is particularly … and Trends (UNEP-DHI and UNEP 2016). With some 80% of marine pollution coming from land-based sources, special … systems of the world — aquifers, lakes, rivers, large marine ecosystems, and open ocean — sustain the biosphere and …

… the following questions, among others: (i) What human and ecosystem uses of the water resources are currently affected … systems of the world – aquifers, lakes, rivers, Large Marine Ecosystems (LMEs), and the open ocean – sustain the … River Basins: Status and Trends Volume 4 – Large Marine Ecosystems: Status and Trends Volume 5 – The Open …

… – la Comoé, la Volta, le Niger, le Congo – et la partie marine du Golfe de Guinée). Il est financé par le Fonds pour …

… Initiative is an action programme to demonstrate that ecosystem- based management and stakeholder participation … – raising risks of conflict, overutilization and further ecosystem degradation. Basins, rather than boundaries, define … law, the term ‘international waters’ is the legal term for marine waters that lie outside any national jurisdiction, …

… Marine and Freshwater …