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… property rights ITPGRFA International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture MAT mutually … further states: "Genetic material" means any material of plant, animal or microbial or other origin containing … certificate is a previous requirement for granting IPR protection to the innova- tions related to elements of …

… at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, providing advice on plant conservation for Kew’s policy partners, the UK … and the mining sector. She holds a Masters degree in Plant Conservation from the University of Birmingham and a … Nations General Assembly UPOV International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants WHO World Health …

… Left – Photograph: Shutterstock; Centre – Living plant tissue cultures. Photograph: Rachel Wynberg; Right – … pharmaceutical companies were collecting large numbers of plant and other samples for mass screening, and sometimes … plant knowledge. Similarly, agricultural breeding and crop protection researchers were screening genetic resources for …

… at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, providing advice on plant conservation for Kew’s policy partners, the UK … and the mining sector. She holds a Masters degree in Plant Conservation from the University of Birmingham and a … Nations General Assembly UPOV International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants WHO World Health …

… categories of utilization of genetic resources 66 4.2.2.2 Plant genetic resources as a particular category 67 4.2.2.3 … 124 6.5.3.2 The Fund under the International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources 124 6.5.3.3 Special collections for … Property Rights Agreement UPOV International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants (Union internationale …

… used Image copyright: Philip Lange/Shutterstock: Scorpiosa plant Access and benefit-sharing What is access and … for humanity. Genetic material: Means any material of plant, animal, microbial or other origin containing … genes, or small molecules. These can be used in crop protection, drug development, the production of specialized …

… shall apply a precautionary approach to environmental protection ... when there is reason to believe that wastes or … Examples ITLOS, in its Order of 3 December 2001 in the MOX Plant Case, considered (para. 82) the duty to cooperate in … downstream community can build an adequate water treatment plant at its own cost; (3) the polluter may receive public …

… delicate and vulnerable. The earth’s oceans and seas need protection by and from the planet’s dominating species. The …