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Intellectual property rights in plant varieties: International legal regimes and policy options for national governments
… 29 2.3. The TRIPs Agreement … mandatory or permissive policy options in a revised TRIPs Agreement ................................................... … II also includes a discussion of so-called “TRIPs plus” bilateral and regional agreements as they relate to plant …
IUCN Information Papers on Marine Genetic Resources
… instruments and the possible development of a multilateral agreement under the United Nations Convention on the Law of … two access approaches/concepts can be distinguished – a bilateral and a multilateral approach. Bilateral approach A bilateral approach is well established …
Explanatory guide to the International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture
… IPR – Intellectual Property Right MTA – Material Transfer Agreement PGR – Plant Genetic Resources PGRFA – Plant Genetic … forced breeders and farmers to seek access to PGRFA on a bilateral basis and by practical difficulties of negotiating … benefit sharing, thereby avoiding the need to resort to bilateral negotiations over each trans- action. These …
A moving target : Genetic resources and options for tracking and monitoring their international flows
… Organization of the United Nations GATT General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade GMO genetically modified … of the University of Puerto Rico. Vogel argues that the bilateral, contractual approach stimulated by the CBD and … various scenarios in which PGRFA were exchanged under bilateral agree- ments, as compared to a multilateral system …
Patents and clean energy technologies in Africa
… opments expected due to implementation of the WTO TRIPS agreement, and their relative position within the global pat- … the TRIPS agreement and other international, regional and bilateral agreements and stakeholder demands, the African … the TRIPS Agreement and other international, regional or bilateral agreements and/or by national and international …
Covering ABS: Addressing the need for sectoral, geographical,legal and international integration in the ABS regime - papers and studies of the ABS Project
… vested rights 91 8.3.4.1 Third-party impacts on the ABS agreement 91 8.3.4.2 Claims of non-compliance 91 8.3.4.3 … negotiations and result- ing framework to reflect a more ‘bilateral’ com- promise through which those most resistant to … or genetic resources. Howev- er, Lebanon has entered into bilateral treaties with some of its neighboring countries …
Towards a mutually supportive relationship between the Convention on Biological Diversity and the World Trade Organisation: An action guide
… problems raised by the interaction of the CBD and TRIPS Agreement . 19 6.6 Recommendations . . . . . . . . . . . . . … Trade and Biodiversity? by Nick Middleton, and The TRIPS Agreement, Sustainable Development and the Public Interest: A … for the exchange of information and consultation, through bilateral, regional or multilateral arrangements, on …