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… acidic the oceans become. This alteration of the natural chemical balance affects marine ecosystems, such as coral …

… ful in ecological terms because its leaf litter contains chemical exudates and prevents other species from growing. … assessment models are still fairly primitive, based on chemical models that do not always ac- count for processes of … of equipment; destruction of infested mate- rial; direct chemical or other control of the invasive organisms; closure …

… Current efforts to control Prosopis involve a mix of chemical, mechanical and biological control methods. two … species and all propagules through mechanical harvesting, chemical treatment with herbicides, and the use of biological …

… including by burning, cutting, lacerating, or applying chemical irritants, spikes, or screws into the horse’s legs. … to pain by a single blow or gunshot or an electrical, chemical or other means that is rapid and effective, before …