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Introduction to the Nagoya Protocol on Access to Genetic Resources and the Fair and Equitable Sharing of Benefits

… sources include operational discharges such as bilge water discharges, but not the operation of a vessel for the … activity generates minor pollution primarily through the use of oily drilling muds and by production blow outs. Marine … For example, exotic organisms transported in ship ballast water are invading new ecosystems. As pollution has …
19 Jun 2026 Course lesson in Biological Diversity

Covering ABS: Addressing the need for sectoral, geographical,legal and international integration in the ABS regime - papers and studies of the ABS Project

… to Genetic Resources, and Sharing the Benefits of their Use - International and Sub-regional Issues Nyasha Chishakwe … on both ocean circulation and on the structure of the water column. When ocean currents encounter these massive … primary production there is generally limited; cold, deep water by contrast is usually nutrient- rich (Dower and Fee, …
19 Jun 2026 Literature See it in ECOLEX · This content is provided by ECOLEX

Beyond access : Exploring implementation of the fair and equitable sharing commitment in the CBD

… 41 [a] Legal rights and remedies 41 [b] Unadapted use of existing penal laws 43 [c] Arbitration 44 3.3.3.4 … owned or un-owned. The clearest example of this is fresh water. In some countries, freshwater resources are un-owned. … about the continuing excludability of the good. them. Water companies may convert unowned water to an owned good, …
19 Jun 2026 Literature See it in ECOLEX · This content is provided by ECOLEX

Farmer's Rights in the International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture

… its three objectives of conservation, sustainable use, and fair and equitable benefit sharing. The components … certain soil conditions such as heavy clay soil with high water holding capacity and fertility, and despite the … specific needs when it comes to the use of fertilizers and water, and the ideal production conditions must therefore be …
19 Jun 2026 Document in Biological Diversity

Mainstreaming Gender Equality and Equity in ABS Governance

… integrity and diversity of nature and to ensure that any use of natural resources is equi- table and ecologically … they have to walk 10 kilometres or more to fetch water and fuel. Much of the soil conservation in East Africa … to which her “practical needs” are met, such as access to water, electricity, housing, health care, employment and …
19 Jun 2026 Literature See it in ECOLEX · This content is provided by ECOLEX

Principles and concepts of international environmental law (Part 2) - extract from InforMEA e-learning course

… limits and other product or process standards, the use of best available techniques and similar techniques can … resources. Only a relatively few international agreements use other approaches, such as the traditional principle of … loss; (2) the downstream community can build an adequate water treatment plant at its own cost; (3) the polluter may …
19 Jun 2026 Course lesson in Environmental Governance

Addressing the problems of access : Protecting sources, while giving users certainty

… and issues 2 1.2 Open issues and concerns 3 1.2.1 The use of CBD definitions 3 1.2.2 The application of traditional … define other resources possessing such attributes, such as water, minerals, wildlife, hydrocarbons, and the mar- itime … including their destruction. Also, the concessions of water, minerals and hydrocarbons allow particular minerals, …
19 Jun 2026 Literature See it in ECOLEX · This content is provided by ECOLEX

Publication - An Explanatory Guide to the Nagoya Protocol on Access and Benefit-sharing

… 62 ARTICLE 2 USE OF TERMS … 118 ARTICLE 9 CONTRIBUTION TO CONSERVATION AND SUSTAINABLE USE ........ 125 ARTICLE 10 GLOBAL MULTILATERAL … the living and non-living natural resources found in the water column, the seabed, and the subsoil thereof. ! In its … of living and non-living natural resources found in the water column, the seabed, and the subsoil thereof and …
19 Jun 2026 Document in Biological Diversity

A moving target : Genetic resources and options for tracking and monitoring their international flows

… and coexist with new collections 11 1.2.6 Increased use of intellectual property to secure market value for … A facility must usually get a permit to discharge “process water” into a river, or even onto land (where it will seep … will contain certain conditions regarding the treatment of water before dis- charge. Thereafter, the holder of a permit …
19 Jun 2026 Literature See it in ECOLEX · This content is provided by ECOLEX

Case Study - Opportunities provided by the Nagoya Protocol in specific cases of the pharmaceutical, cosmetics and agricultural sector

… was authorised by the Bahamian government to collect and use sediment samples. California California/USA (user): After … 2004: Filing of US patent series Salinosporamides and the use thereof, claiming rights over many me- dicinal … and under unsta- ble weather conditions, grows on water-logged soils, is used in South Africa for erosion …
19 Jun 2026 Document in Biological Diversity