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Introduction to the Nagoya Protocol on Access to Genetic Resources and the Fair and Equitable Sharing of Benefits

… comprise areas within national jurisdiction, such as the territorial sea, exclusive economic zone and continental … to a belt of sea adjacent to its coast, described as the territorial sea. This area typically extends 12 nautical … sources include operational discharges such as bilge water discharges, but not the operation of a vessel for the …
21 May 2026 Course lesson in Biological Diversity

Covering ABS: Addressing the need for sectoral, geographical,legal and international integration in the ABS regime - papers and studies of the ABS Project

… on both ocean circulation and on the structure of the water column. When ocean currents encounter these massive … the ‘outer continental shelf ’ (OCS) (or beyond the EEZ or territorial sea, as to countries that have not declared an … to any of these categories. It is undisputed that the ‘territorial sea’ is within national jurisdiction (at least to …
21 May 2026 Literature See it in ECOLEX · This content is provided by ECOLEX

Publication - An Explanatory Guide to the Nagoya Protocol on Access and Benefit-sharing

… certain obligations: ! In its internal waters and the territorial sea, the coastal State exercises sovereignty over … the living and non-living natural resources found in the water column, the seabed, and the subsoil thereof. ! In its … mile (M) = 1852mContiguous ZoneTerritorial Sea Baseline Territorial Sea Limited enforcement zone 24M12M 200M …
21 May 2026 Document in Biological Diversity

Mainstreaming Gender Equality and Equity in ABS Governance

… they have to walk 10 kilometres or more to fetch water and fuel. Much of the soil conservation in East Africa … to which her “practical needs” are met, such as access to water, electricity, housing, health care, employment and … use. • Improvement of women farmers’ access to land and water resources, education, extension, training, credit and …
21 May 2026 Literature See it in ECOLEX · This content is provided by ECOLEX

Principles and concepts of international environmental law (Part 2) - extract from InforMEA e-learning course

… loss; (2) the downstream community can build an adequate water treatment plant at its own cost; (3) the polluter may …
21 May 2026 Course lesson in Environmental Governance

Addressing the problems of access : Protecting sources, while giving users certainty

… define other resources possessing such attributes, such as water, minerals, wildlife, hydrocarbons, and the mar- itime … these issues arise outside of the source country's territorial jurisdiction. Obviously, in a transboundary … national monitoring and oversight Even in areas where territorial jurisdiction is clear, experience has generally …
21 May 2026 Literature See it in ECOLEX · This content is provided by ECOLEX

An Explanatory Guide to the Nagoya Protocol on Access and Benefit-sharing

… certain obligations: � In its internal waters and the territorial sea, the coastal State exercises sovereignty over … the living and non-living natural resources found in the water column, the seabed, and the subsoil thereof. � In its … mile (M) = 1852mContiguous ZoneTerritorial Sea Baseline Territorial Sea Limited enforcement zone 24M12M 200M …
21 May 2026 Literature See it in ECOLEX · This content is provided by ECOLEX

Farmer's Rights in the International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture

… certain soil conditions such as heavy clay soil with high water holding capacity and fertility, and despite the … specific needs when it comes to the use of fertilizers and water, and the ideal production conditions must therefore be … varieties do not respond to excess application of water and fertilizers as most modern varieties do. In …
21 May 2026 Document in Biological Diversity

Beyond access : Exploring implementation of the fair and equitable sharing commitment in the CBD

… owned or un-owned. The clearest example of this is fresh water. In some countries, freshwater resources are un-owned. … about the continuing excludability of the good. them. Water companies may convert unowned water to an owned good, by distributing it through drink- ing …
21 May 2026 Literature See it in ECOLEX · This content is provided by ECOLEX

A moving target : Genetic resources and options for tracking and monitoring their international flows

… A facility must usually get a permit to discharge “process water” into a river, or even onto land (where it will seep … will contain certain conditions regarding the treatment of water before dis- charge. Thereafter, the holder of a permit … his facility is in compliance with the condi- tions of his water discharge permit. Such a statement may be almost …
21 May 2026 Literature See it in ECOLEX · This content is provided by ECOLEX