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Special Issue on Wildlife Trafficking II

… (C). “Take” means, among other things, “harass,” “harm,” “wound,” or “kill.” Id. § 1532(19). Such violations … that could drive a species to extinction, even where no deaths of individual members of the species are proven. … Durr, No. 10-98-RMB (D.N.J. Jan. 3, 2012). The listing rule for bog turtles expressly states that “activities that …
25 May 2026 Literature See it in ECOLEX · This content is provided by ECOLEX

Reference Guide - European Union Wildlife Trade Regulations

… 14 2.2 The Annexes to Regulation (EC) No 338/97 … species? ................. 102 4.2.1. Exemptions for which no certificate is needed … trade from, to and within the EU is, as a general rule, prohibited for wild specimens of species listed in … to conserve and care for it properly. As a general rule, no permits or certificates are needed for keeping or …
25 May 2026 Literature See it in ECOLEX · This content is provided by ECOLEX

Wildlife and Forest Crime Toolkit (Revised Edition)

… arson and vandalism, are criminalized because they inflict harm on people or man-made property by creating uncertainty, … regions and societies around the world. There is no “one size fits all” solution to this issue. In for- … implement development pro- grammes and to strengthen the rule of law. Where they are linked to organized crime, …
25 May 2026 Literature See it in ECOLEX · This content is provided by ECOLEX

ASEAN Handbook on legal cooperation to combat wildlife crime

… In the field of environmental crimes there are currently no specialized regional or international conventions/treaties … species Hunting Poisoning, shooting, inflicting injury, harm, trapping Consumption Possession of wildlife by-products … which the Director may notify in the manner prescribed by rule made under section 52(2) (v), is guilty of an offence …
25 May 2026 Literature See it in ECOLEX · This content is provided by ECOLEX

The rise of environmental crime - A growing threat to natural resources, peace, development and security

… been lost in a decade. However, envi- ronmental crimes are no longer restricted to iconic wildlife and rare wood species … date. This demonstrates how implementing environ- mental rule of law through global agreements can effectively both … and the sustainable use of natural resources against harm from crime will require a cross-sec- toral long-term …
25 May 2026 Literature See it in ECOLEX · This content is provided by ECOLEX

Strategic Report: Environment, Peace and Security - a Convergence of Threats

… and use of the material lies with the reader. In no event shall INTERPOL or UN Environment be liable for … arising from its use. INTERPOL and UN Environment take no responsibility for the continued accuracy of that … 15 3.2 Environmental Rule of Law … by a criminal entity to generate profits, which results in harm to our ecosystem, by damaging environmental quality, …
25 May 2026 Literature See it in ECOLEX · This content is provided by ECOLEX

Illicit wildlife trafficking: An environmental economic and social issue

… and do not necessarily reflect the views of UNEP. ISSUE NO 14 2 May 2014 most iconic wildlife species, but wildlife … development, engenders corruption and undermines the rule of law, putting national and potentially even … defines MLR crime as “criminal conduct that may cause harm to the marine living environment, typically offences …
25 May 2026 Literature See it in ECOLEX · This content is provided by ECOLEX

National Strategy for Combating Wildlife Trafficking

… trophies that an individual can import, adopting the same rule that now exists for leopard trophies. We will improve … and other CITES-listed wildlife by finalizing a proposed rule that will reaffirm and improve public understanding of … nonprofit conservation community, and the private sector. No one country can tackle these issues on its own. This is a …
25 May 2026 Literature See it in ECOLEX · This content is provided by ECOLEX

Wildlife Poaching: Africa's surging trafficking threat

… of this new trafficking surge can only be estimated, it is no longer solely a conservation issue. With dozens of African … them in ways that complicate smuggling (while doing no harm to the animals). Such initiatives represent a new …
25 May 2026 Literature See it in ECOLEX · This content is provided by ECOLEX

Illegal Traffic under the Basel Convention

… is to protect human health and the environment from the harm posed by the generation and management of such wastes. …
25 May 2026 Document in Chemicals and Waste