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… OF THE UNITED NATIONS Rome, 2004 Intellectual property rights in plant varieties International legal regimes and … by governmental authorities to control certain products of human intellectual effort and ingenuity. (OECD 1996, p. 12). … underlie the decision to grant IPRs in the products of human intellectual effort and ingenuity. Elements of these …

… and FAO for this labour of love for sustained human well-being and “biohappiness”.’ —M. S. Swaminathan, M S … and Selim Louafi Farmers’ Crop Varieties and Farmers’ Rights Challenges in Taxonomy and Law Edited by Michael … on the importance of agricultural biological diversity to human food security. We hope that this book makes a …

… Access and benefit-sharing requirements 15 1.2.1 Sovereign rights in genetic resources 16 1.2.2 Scope and coverage of … Research in Panama: Linking Science, Technology, Human Health, and Conservation in the Host-Country Context … of life on earth. Second, it sought/seeks to ensure that human utili- sation of the world’s biological resources is …

… 24 2.1.8 WTO Trade-Related Intellectual Property Rights Agreement (TRIPS) … They are an important component of food security and of human livelihoods in most developing countries, serving as … genetic resources 7 Conservation of AnGR refers to all human activities including policies, strategies, plans and …

… and sustainable utilization of PGRFA 14 Farmers’ Rights 14 Multilateral System of Access and Benefit Sharing … Diversity. As such, this Treaty contributes to improv- ing human livelihoods, preventing hunger and conserving … generations. PGRFA also depend on con- tinued and active human management. Without that human care and selection, …

… in any way. All requests for translation and adaptation rights, and for resale and other commercial use rights should … a. Agricultural biodiversity is essential to satisfy basic human needs for food and livelihood security; b. Agricultural … components of agricultural biodiversity depend on this human influence; indigenous knowledge and culture are …

… contained in Annex I provide for more than 80 percent of human calorie intake from plants. The International Treaty …