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… 0265-0568 VIEWPOINT Laura E. Lallier et al. Access to and use of marine genetic resources: understanding the legal … species’ (benthos) of the seabed therein. However, for the water column above the extended CS the freedom of the High … are required for any activity related to MGR up to 200 nm (water column) or 350 nm (extended CS), and that the sole …

… negotiating a treaty for the conservation and sustainable use of marine biodiversity in areas beyond national … are meas- ured from a defined baseline, generally the low- water mark (Article 5).6 The key areas of State sov- ereignty … having fringing reefs, the baseline is the “seaward low-water line of the reef, as shown by the appropriate symbol on …

… study issues relating to the conservation and sustainable use of marine biological diversity beyond areas of national … the benthic zone (the Area) and the pelagic zone (the water column above). It is good standard practice amongst … taken within or beyond national jurisdiction and from the water column or the seabed. However, ABS discussions also …

… sources include operational discharges such as bilge water discharges, but not the operation of a vessel for the … activity generates minor pollution primarily through the use of oily drilling muds and by production blow outs. Marine … For example, exotic organisms transported in ship ballast water are invading new ecosystems. As pollution has …

… to Genetic Resources, and Sharing the Benefits of their Use - International and Sub-regional Issues Nyasha Chishakwe … on both ocean circulation and on the structure of the water column. When ocean currents encounter these massive … primary production there is generally limited; cold, deep water by contrast is usually nutrient- rich (Dower and Fee, …

… that may be occasioned directly or indirectly through the use of, or reliance on, the contents of this publication. … as embedded within a network of relationships with land, water, plants, and animals, expressed through culture and … because of the importance of the forest for fruits, honey, water and wildlife, its use for grazing and wood must be …

… 41 [a] Legal rights and remedies 41 [b] Unadapted use of existing penal laws 43 [c] Arbitration 44 3.3.3.4 … owned or un-owned. The clearest example of this is fresh water. In some countries, freshwater resources are un-owned. … about the continuing excludability of the good. them. Water companies may convert unowned water to an owned good, …

… integrity and diversity of nature and to ensure that any use of natural resources is equi- table and ecologically … they have to walk 10 kilometres or more to fetch water and fuel. Much of the soil conservation in East Africa … to which her “practical needs” are met, such as access to water, electricity, housing, health care, employment and …

… and issues 2 1.2 Open issues and concerns 3 1.2.1 The use of CBD definitions 3 1.2.2 The application of traditional … define other resources possessing such attributes, such as water, minerals, wildlife, hydrocarbons, and the mar- itime … including their destruction. Also, the concessions of water, minerals and hydrocarbons allow particular minerals, …

… ............................... 4 1.4 Sustainable use, development and conservation … fear, and distress; 4) injury and disease; and 5) food, water and malnutrition. The OIE's initial activities decided … as natural resources necessary for feeding animals (mainly water and grazing) and also the rights and obligations of the …