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Intellectual property rights in plant varieties: International legal regimes and policy options for national governments

… the limitations imposed on the inventor’s rights are all determined by the different national laws. Recent …
20 Jun 2026 Literature See it in ECOLEX · This content is provided by ECOLEX

The long and winding road: negotiating a treaty for the conservation and sustainable use of marine biodiversity in areas beyond national jurisdiction

… NEAFC North East Atlantic Fisheries Commission NDCs Nationally Determined Contributions NPFC North Pacific Fisheries … in order to improve ocean health and to enhance the contribution of marine biodiversity to the development of …
20 Jun 2026 Literature

Beyond access : Exploring implementation of the fair and equitable sharing commitment in the CBD

… into excludable ones 80 5.3 Approaches to valuing the contribution of genetic resources 80 5.3.1 Using prior … quid pro quo between the negotiating countries was clear. Nationally, countries committed to enabling access to genetic … Conservation Regulations 2000, § 8A.04. This approach is determined by the gen- eral approach of all ABS-related …
20 Jun 2026 Literature See it in ECOLEX · This content is provided by ECOLEX

An Explanatory Guide to the Nagoya Protocol on Access and Benefit-sharing

… 118 ARTICLE 9 CONTRIBUTION TO CONSERVATION AND SUSTAINABLE USE ........ 125 … the final product and/or final user have already been determined. Finally, it is important to note that in the CBD … or damage human, animal or plant health, as determined nationally or internationally. Parties may take into …
20 Jun 2026 Literature See it in ECOLEX · This content is provided by ECOLEX

Explanatory guide to the International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture

… base of their taro crops if 5 13 Ximena Flores Palacios, Contribution to the Estimation of countries’ interdependence … Party providing such resources unless otherwise determined by that Party.29 The countries in which the … tracting Party providing such resources, unless otherwise determined by that Party. Facilitated access is to be …
20 Jun 2026 Literature See it in ECOLEX · This content is provided by ECOLEX

Bio-Cultural Community Protocols: A community approach to Ensuring the Integrity of Environmental Law and Policy

… TK, respond to various local challenges and promote self- determined development plans. We draw on these examples to … of Work on Protected Areas. Specifically, it evaluates the contribution that BCPs can make to improving ILCs’ … Party providing such resources, unless otherwise determined by that Party. • Each Contracting Party shall …
20 Jun 2026 Literature See it in ECOLEX · This content is provided by ECOLEX

Contracting for ABS: The legal and scientific implications of bioprospecting contracts

… 194 4.5.2 Supplying biological samples: A new paradigm determined by science and technology 195 viii ix 4.5.3 … levels. We believe that this Series offers a substantial contribution that will enable progress on an issue which has, … were a sale of goods. See, e.g., AUSTRALIA 2002, ‘Nationally consistent approach for access to and the …
20 Jun 2026 Literature See it in ECOLEX · This content is provided by ECOLEX

ABS Elements. Elements to facilitate domestic implementation of Access and Benefit-Sharing for different subsectors of genetic resources for food and agriculture

… SUBSECTORS OF GENETIC RESOURCES FOR FOOD AND AGRICULTURE12 determined by that Party.19 Access, where granted, shall be … in accordance with the Convention (…)” unless otherwise determined by that Party.37 “Utilization of genetic … small-scale farmers, as well as exchange practices within nationally recognized research networks, could be exempted …
20 Jun 2026 Literature See it in ECOLEX · This content is provided by ECOLEX

A moving target : Genetic resources and options for tracking and monitoring their international flows

… Paper (EPLP) No. 67/3. This book represents an important contribution to the body of ABS literature currently … costs associated with the exchange of PGRFA are determined jointly by the two interna- tional instruments … countries. The CITES system requires a person inter- nationally moving specimens of a listed species to get …
20 Jun 2026 Literature See it in ECOLEX · This content is provided by ECOLEX

The legal framework for the management of animal genetic resources

… in 1993, based on the recognition of the significant contribution that animal genetic resources make towards … greater diversity. A recent survey undertaken by FAO, has determined that many breeds of livestock have already become … party providing the genetic resources, unless otherwise determined by that party. Under the Convention, legislative, …
20 Jun 2026 Literature See it in ECOLEX · This content is provided by ECOLEX