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… of UNCED ... 19 1.1 Progress through National Forest and Land-Use Programmes ........................... 19 1.2 Underlying Causes of Deforestation and Forest Degradation ............................. 22 1.3 Traditional … causes of deforestation are not covered: e.g. agrarian land reform in relation to landless peasants, environmental …

… and development, or between poverty and environmental degradation. These are S u m m a r y xv often contradictory. … decision-making and participation by local communities in land-use decisions. Participatory decision-making involves the willingness of outsiders to negotiate land-use objectives and ways to meet those objectives. The …

… CBD Aichi Target 15, the UNFCCC REDD+ goal, and the Rio+20 land degra- dation neutral goal. 4 5 Acknowledgements The … action on Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD+) under the UN Framework Convention on … goals related to combatting desertification and land degradation. The response to the Bonn Challenge has been …

… . . . . . . . . . . . . 174 9 Case Studies of Linkages in Land-use Planning and Conservation . . . . . . . . 177 … they are insufficient in scale and number – either on the land or in the sea – to significantly address this gap in … that are unprecedented in historic times. Destruction and degradation of natural habitats are widespread and profound …

… desertification and other forms of environmental degradation. They also have an impact on biodiversity as they … protection, in contrast, refers to the protection of human land use, including the sustainable development, … the Protocol against the Smuggling of Migrants by Land, Sea and Air, and the Protocol against the Illicit …