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… of the Secretariat of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES), … . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 3.1 Illegal logging and harvesting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . … . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 3.2 Illegal hunting (poaching) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . …

… . . . . . . . . . .31 Figures 4.1 Officially recorded NTFP trade (1991–97) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . … Additional value would need to be included to account for illegal hunting, while value added from sport hunting, … may be strong motives for some producers to engage in illegal (unpermitted) trade. Official statistics on …

… interests and interactions......64 7.6 Conflicts and trade-offs … immigrants for both arable and residential land has led to illegal land trade, from both the state and customary … owners, small-scale timber investors, middlemen, loggers • Illegal sawmill owners hold no official rights • Official …

… 31 4. IPF Programme Element IV - Trade and Environment in Relation to Forest Products and … gap is the lack of an international mechanism to control illegal trade in forest products. This would be a fairly … a global database – and to take measures to counter illegal trade in timber.45 Competitiveness of forest products …

… Boundaries and Negotiation 77 Introduction 77 Linkages and trade-offs 78 Seeking the best possible outcomes 79 … in name only and that many suffer from widespread illegal use, which in some cases is leading to loss of … from land clearing for agriculture, logging (sometimes illegal), and commercial enterprises, which are frequently …

… 6.1.11 Phytosanitary/Quarantine 6.1.12 Inter-Provincial Trade 6.1.13 Research Institutions 6.1.14 … Governance 74 Environmental Law in Pakistan I N.W.F.P 169. Illegal practice.— A person is guilty of illegal practice punishable with fine which may extend to two …

… enterprise development 8 Markets for ecosystem services 9 Trade and supply chains 10 Infl uencing macroeconomic policy … conditions which cause people to produce, consume, trade and invest in an environmentally unsustainable manner, … It means infl uencing the economic and fi nancial trade-offs that governments, businesses, households and …

… for negotiations to successfully and equitably balance trade-offs between local and global needs. Accordingly the … or administrative convenience. While farming was formally illegal, the practical reality was that people lived in the … Mae Nang Khoa indicated that local communities regarded illegal logging and encroachment of forest reserves for …

… and policy priorities. As such, there are likely to be trade-offs, as is the case in any negotiated national … (e.g. of forest area, biomass stocks or intensity of illegal logging) to best serve the needs of policy … composition, diameter distribution and regeneration, illegal logging and socio- economics – although remote …

… This could lead to a situation where, for example, illegal logging practices could be used as an alternative … 4 of sub-step 1b of the AR tools document, an objectively illegal alternative will only be eligible for comparison with …