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… services such as flood control, groundwater recharge, pollution control and supply regulation (Opperman 2009). 3 … as regulators e.g. by regulating the quality of water and soil or by providing flood and disease control. Cultural … during drought from natural storage features, including soil and groundwater, surface water and aquifers. GI options …

… and floods. On the other hand, fighting against pollution and looking for recreational areas have become … where it is accessible. The role of UPFG in controlling soil erosion and the use of urban and peri- urban forests as … which there may be specific provisions. The relevance of soil protection is rarely acknowledged explicitly in tree …

… case of Vietnam ................................76 7 8.3 Soil fertility constrains rehabilitation choices … in ecological terms, characterized as they are by low soil fertility and poor soil structure, soil erosion, the … and expansion of housing settlements; and • industrial pollution of rivers. Behind each of these direct causes is a …

… ............................. 24 1.5 Impact of Airborne Pollution on Forests … conditions. In fact forest ecosystems help stabilize the soil, and hence deforestation fosters both desertification … and social costs. Loss of forest cover often increases soil erosion, increases flooding, reduces water clarity which …

… can have far-reaching effects on the flora and fauna, the soil and water resources, and on human ecology (Forman and … of natural habitat in the landscape. Rainfall patterns, soil infiltration rates, runoff and flooding are all … degradation. It has little influence on point sources of pollution, such as effluent pipes, sewers and drains. …

… and other natural resources as well as the control of pollution and hazardous materials. The environmental legal … (iii) Livestock (iv) On-Farm Water Management (v) Soil Conservation (vi) Soil Fertility (vii) Fisheries (viii) Farm-forestry (ix) …

… and services (recycling of nutrients, water retention, and soil protection) that it provides.13 According to the … to the conservation of natural resources, mainly soil and biodiversity. One question is whether the choice of … tax and investment regulations, mitigation of air pollution.” 89 Dec. 17/CP.7 Annex, para. 43 90 All CDM EB …

… sources dry up, become choked with silt or contaminated by pollution, the provision of this essential basic resource … and Gillusson 1985; Kikula 1986; Maro 1997). • Declining soil fertility: Over 90 percent of the people depend on … but the extent of arable land is decreasing due to soil erosion and loss of soil fertility, combined with poor …

… and the wider landscape 27 Forests managed to maintain soil and water resources 27 Forests managed for community … and provide vital services, such as water supply and soil protection, for local and more distant communities. Many … insolation, counteracting the effects of various kinds of pollution, including noise, and absorbing carbon dioxide. …

… of laws on environmental pro- tection, wildlife, water and soil conservation, harvesting codes and practices, worker … ment, agriculture, mining, transportation, tourism, war, pollution, severe weather and specific cultural threats)? • …