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… 12 9. Indigenous peoples and other communities with customary tenure systems 14 10. Informal tenure 16 Transfers … with States’ existing obligations under international law, including the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and … public, private, communal, collective, indigenous and customary. 2.5 These Guidelines should be interpreted and …

… imply a form of tenure that benefits from recognition in law or government regulation, without necessarily involving … target of Hughes’ argument, most of the land is under customary tenure which is recognized under the Constitution, although customary land is not registered. Hughes argues specifically …

… traditional community assemblies that lay down and enforce customary by-laws. It wasn’t long before the ngitili were … markets available Land tenure and other legislation Customary property rights; customary laws Conflicting … of state- sanctioned property rights or rule of law Clear property rights, although much land still held by …

… IUCN Environmental Law Programme Towards a mutually supportive relationship … diversity”. � Article 10(d) calls for protecting customary use of biological resources compatible with … � Article 8(j) on traditional knowledge � Article 10(c) on customary use in accordance with traditional cultural …

… Jens Mackensen and Gerald Scholz IUCN Environmental Law Programme IUCN – The World Conservation Union Founded in … system of land ownership. Land is administered by both customary law rules and practices on one hand and enacted … other. No CDM project can ignore subsisting traditional customary rights, since most of the lands to be used for CDM …

… Regime Edited by Richard G. Tarasofsky IUCN Environmental Law Centre IUCN Environmental Policy and Law Paper No. 37 … and local communities and to protect and encourage the customary uses of biological resources in accordance with traditional customary practices compatible with the conservation and …

… forestry and greening Lidija Knuth for the Development Law Service FAO Legal Office 32 0 CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS … the Forest Conservation Service (FORC) and the Development Law Service (LEGN), for their support throughout this study. … documents, strategies and programmes, as well as relevant customary rules. In doing so, the following checklist should …

… development projects and government responsibilities for law enforcement have been neglected. Few park agencies have … in weaker versions as de facto rights. They can arise from customary law derived from the norms and practices of long … In many countries, conflicts between statutory and customary law are endemic, creating a dissonance in resource …

… large / small farmers etc.). These are likely to be customary leaders or local authorities. They have a stake in … the future. Their role in the process is to represent the customary or statutory owners of the land and make sure that … for restoration are identified Crisis events are leveraged Law requiring restoration exist Law requiring restoration is …

… some countries, such as many Pacific Island States, such customary uses have long been respected. In other countries, they are only now being recognised in law, as is the case in parts of India and Nepal. Many … concept of “Wilderness Area” is precisely defined in US law. The area is predominantly forested and is managed as a …