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The status of natural resources on the high-seas
… Vents 15 2. Seamounts 22 3. Deep-sea Trenches 28 4. Deep-Water, Reef-Forming Corals 33 5. Polymetallic Nodules 39 6. … and oil production) that can currently operate down to water depths of at least 2,000 m. These operations pose a … Note for example that: a) contrary to popular expectation, pollution and other forms of man-made disturbance can act to …
The valuation of ecosystem services: Are the challenges too many to ensure the maintenance of ecosystem integrity?
… such as pest control, flood control, soil fertilizer, and water filtration are considerably more difficult to monetize … include air quality maintenance, climate regulation, and water regulation. Cultural services are the nonmaterial … such as environmental quality, including air pollution, water pollution, and noise, or environmental …
Evaluating effectiveness : A framework for assessing management effectiveness of protected areas
… Unfortunately, the commitment to setting aside land and water has yet to be always matched with similar commitments … Ecosystem services/ functions Catchment management and water supply Soil conservation Climate and disaster mitigation Clean air/pollution mitigation Biodiversity Ecosystem level Species …