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The valuation of ecosystem services: Are the challenges too many to ensure the maintenance of ecosystem integrity?
… and pharmaceuticals. Regulating services include air quality maintenance, climate regulation, and water … Characteristics such as environmental quality, including air pollution, water pollution, and noise, or environmental …
The status of natural resources on the high-seas
… Note for example that: a) contrary to popular expectation, pollution and other forms of man-made disturbance can act to … but technology limited Limited Limited / moderate (nil, pollution) Waste disposal Deep-sea reefs High for geology and … destruction of mangrove swamps and estuaries, industrial air pollution, and the production of nutrients, pesticides …
Evaluating effectiveness : A framework for assessing management effectiveness of protected areas
… Soil conservation Climate and disaster mitigation Clean air/pollution mitigation Biodiversity Ecosystem level Species … Threats that arise from outside a protected area, such as air pollution or climate change, may be beyond the control of …