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Energy subsidies: Lessons learned in assessing their impact and designing policy reforms
… show that removing fossil-fuel subsidies would boost trade and economic growth. Subsidies have held back economic … policies aimed at maintaining 6 7 employment in domestic energy industries such as coal mining. Such … rate of assistance ETR Ecological Tax Reform GDP gross domestic product GE general equilibrium model IEA …
Energy law and sustainable development
… that characterize the debate over the liberalized trade sector and the environment sector. For proposals to … Protocol, industrialized countries may partly offset their domestic carbon dioxide emissions through measures such as … specific measures to encourage diversity of wild and domestic species Potentially significant benefits for forest …
Energy, Ecosystems and livelihoods: Understanding linkages in the face of climate change impacts
… ecosystems. This section explores these inter-linkages and trade-offs. Figure 1: Linkages between Ecosystem Services and … properly collected and converted—can be a source of domestic energy and reduce pollution and greenhouse gas … of invasive alien species facilitated through global trade, both made possible through cheap and easily-available …