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… face of the increased demand for land-intensive crops and livestock. Land degradation contributes to climate change and … to climate change and other natural resource pressures. 3. Farming for multiple benefits: optimizing the most desirable … trees in a community- managed forest provide fodder for livestock; fruits and vegetables are collected by women; …

… change into account; c) Adaptation of high-mountain farming systems decreases the pressure on natural ecosystems … Water (access and distribution); agricultural and livestock products; wild food; medicinal products; fuel and … Land use in the study area is dominated by crop and livestock systems. At the same time, the main adaptation …

… Danger in 2017, where it had been included in 2003 due to farming, illegal gold mining and poaching affecting its … Quarrying Crops Housing/ Urban Areas Roads/ Railroads Livestock Farming / Grazing Poaching Tourism/ Recreation … Marine/ Freshwater Aquaculture Volcanoes Solid Waste Livestock Farming / Grazing Industrial/ Military Ef�uents …

… systems (such as crop production, nomadic and sedentary livestock raising, and provision of infrastructure). The … of country autonomous organizations and NGOs, the role of farming organs (farmers’ associations, economic-aid units) … land capacity conservation, forest management and good livestock husbandry. Thus, LD had become severe and …

… particular WSD include the following: Improved crop and livestock sales; avoided travel cost for migratory work and … 1998 and 2012, the net annual income from agriculture and livestock increased significantly. The total income earned … • Watershed protection measures, including contour farming, planting trees on hillsides, planting fruit trees …

… and shifting from mobile pastoralism to sedentary livestock ranching (Mortimore et al., 2009; United Nations, … all play a major role in the shift to less sustainable farming systems and currently there is insufficient policy … as for example when dry season grazing areas for livestock are converted to crop cultivation, incorporated in …

… and mitigate surface runoff from agricultural and livestock fields. Benefits Primary Constructed wetlands are … cent in Baidang Lake. Development of certified eco-fish farming by 412 households increased income of fishers by 20 … high value cash crops and fruit trees, to water the livestock, and for domestic use. They are often established …

… by the oasis in respect of the populations, their livestock and local agriculture; and b. the preservation of … and reuse in situ of the waste and by-products from farming and livestock-rearing activities; CLARIFYING that, nevertheless, …

… are forcing many upland peoples to adopt unsustainable farming and land-use practices such as excessive livestock grazing, tree felling, and the cultivation of … farming and land-use practices such as excessive livestock grazing, tree felling, and the cultivation of …

… as well as livelihood opportunities (such as fisheries and farming) that reduce social vulnerabilities (Sudmeier- Rieux … economic activities in the area, for example, agriculture, livestock and fisheries that can be easily influenced by … source (grasses for making brooms and fodder for livestock). A cost-benefit analysis was conducted in order to …