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… coastal ecosystems such as mangroves and saltmarsh absorb energy from waves and storm surges making them less damaging … of storm surges or tsunamis (Feagin et al., 2010). Wave energy is also lost through frictional drag as the wave … branches and roots reduces currents and dissipates wave energy (Quartel et al., 2007). As a result, this reduces the …

… have had a negative impact mainly on sectors such as energy, agriculture, access to drinking water and sanitation. …