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… 9 Offset or mitigate? 9 Offset and the environmental mitigation hierarchy 9 Offset or compensate? 9 Onsite or … 4.1 Policy context 21 4.2 Law requiring offsets 22 4.2.1 Wetland Banking in the US under the Clean Water Act 22 4.2.2 … compensatory conservation activities 22 Box 6: Growth of wetland mitigation banking in the USA 23 Box 7: The Inland …

… (abbreviated in the tables as Re/ afforestation), wetland conservation and construction, levee setbacks, flood … U rb an C oa st al Water supply regulation (incl. drought mitigation) Re/afforestation and forest conservation Dams and … may impact the ecosystems themselves. For example, a wetland receiving pollution loads that exceed its …

… 32 2.3 Benefits of connectivity for climate change mitigation 33 2.4 Connectivity co-benefits for biodiversity … these systems are defined on a small scale (such as a wetland, forest, or coral reef) or on a large scale (such as … 0 Sustainable logging of planted trees 0 Conservation of wetland flora and fauna through maintenance of breeding …

… sustain migratory species populations. For example, the wetland habitats of the Siberian crane are increasingly … curlew instruments address migratory waterbirds that use wetland ecosystems in dry and sub-humid landscapes within … to share and further develop practical and effective mitigation devices for these animals. The Seals Agreement, …

… Guiding Principles for the Prevention, Introduction and Mitigation of Impacts of Alien Species, developed under the … pose to the ecological character of wetlands and to wetland spe- 19 cies, terrestrial and marine, if they become … This integrated approach is par- ticularly important for wetland protected areas, as alien aquatic organisms may be …

… and ecosystems, the effective- ness of their biodiversity mitigation and habitat re- habilitation measures, and how … exam- ple grassland that has turned into woodland, or a wetland that has dried up because of a change in hydrological … for example, the construction of a permanent water body or wetland in an area where these have been destroyed in the …

… human rights and the rights implications of climate change mitigation mechanisms. CIFOR and IUCN are pleased to bring … direct involvement, through appropriate mechanisms, in wetland management’ (Ramsar Recommendation 6.3). These issues … assist them in preserving an internationally significant wetland system around Paruku (Lake Gregory), south of Halls …

… of these mudflats has been linked to serious declines in wetland birds along the East Asian flyway (including the … this process for wetlands we have developed “An Integrated Wetland Assessment Toolkit” which provides a methodology and case studies to determine the full value of a wetland in terms of its biodiversity, economic value, and …

… for watershed services 132 Biodiversity offsets and mitigation and conservation banking 133 Markets for … and cultivation, the expansion of rice cultivation into wetland and floodplain areas may affect the wild fishery. … the widely diverse aquatic resources available in these wetland areas — including fish, snails, molluscs, crabs, …

… new national laws for water and soil conservation, wetland conservation, and soil pollution control; revision of … Inspection of Forest Diseases and Insect Pests Rules on Wetland Protection Administrative Regulations for Forest … the PRC legislation in areas of watershed protection, mitigation of site impacts, • biodiversity protection, and …