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… Ecosystem Approach and which are being widely applied in practice, namely Biosphere Reserves, ecological networks, … habitats which were managed through traditional agricultural practices. Forest habitats are also coming under … hunting and wildlife trafficking, land invasion and agricultural expansion – including illegal coca cultivation. …

… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .147 16. Agricultural ecosystems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . … have been shaped and modified by processes of intensive agricultural (and industrial) development, many habitats … to: (1) recognise that differences exist in terms of practice, beliefs, value systems and vision; (2) respect the …

… based on ensuring conservation through wise use, or wise practice. Initially based on the conservation of waterfowl, … surface and an estimated 62,500ha of land is going out of agricultural production each year (Hobbs 1993a). Nature … in forest cover ranging from mainly forest to mainly agricultural land (Andrén 1992). Both the density of corvids …

… fragmentation are the main threats to biodiversity. With agricultural expansion, infrastructure development, … the sympathetic management of all other areas, including agricultural and other resource production areas”. … require the exclusion of human use of the landscape and in practice a wide variety of uses are often acceptable. These …