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… coastal ecosystems to reduce emissions from conversion and degradation and to conserve and sustainably manage coastal … National Appropriate Mitigation Actions (NAMAs), the Land-Use, and some Land-Use Change and Forestry (LULUCF) activities including …

… to value ecosystems when choices are made about allocating land, resources and investment funds can incur far-reaching … techniques, habitat clearance and conversion, and land-based and marine sources of pollution have all taken … ecosystems, and few economic costs attached to their degradation and loss. The expansion of agriculture, …

… ‘cost’ that can be felt locally and many miles away. Degradation of coral reefs and mangroves may, and in some … of tropical coral reefs and mangroves 8 planet’s total land area, is home to one-third of the world’s population, … rate of disappearance (or conversion to other forms of land use) is estimated at 2.1 per cent, with the greatest …

… Convention for the Prevention of Marine Pollution from Land-Based Sources (Paris), UKTS 64 (1978), Cmnd. 7251; 13 … Protection of the Mediterranean Sea Against Pollution from Land-Based Sources (Athens), 19 ILM (1980), 869. In force on … urgency of taking effective action to prevent the rapid degradation of coastal areas world-wide; and • the underlying …

… 3.3. HABITAT ALTERATION, POLLUTION AND LAND USE .......30 3.4. LACk OF AWARENESS OF CONSERVATION … human activities, in particular fishing, shipping, land and marine based pollution as well as invasive species. … over-cultivation are the major causes of this type of land degradation (El-Tantawi, 2005). In all North African …