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In the front line : Shoreline protection and other ecosystem services from mangroves and coral reefs
… management of the coast in a context of increasing severe weather events such as hurricanes and typhoons, and other … the livelihoods of those who have suffered from extreme events, whether natural or induced by human activity. … 1999). Climate change There is now general consensus that extreme storm events are becoming more frequent, and sea …
Counting coastal ecosystems as an economic part of development infrastructure
… is at best persistently under-valued, and at the extreme is omitted completely from decision-making. Because … as mangroves in mitigating or minimising the impact of extreme events such as the tsunami appear to have been … present value of mangroves in protecting against extreme weather events lies at around $5,000/km2 (Tri et al 1998). …
Towards a Representative Network of Marine Protected Areas in Libya
… Levantine intermediate waters, which flow westwards. More extreme salinity (and water temperature) can be measured in … warm summers and mild winters. Libyan and North African weather is generally influenced by two sources: the … interior, the climate fea- tures very hot summers and extreme diurnal temperature ranges. Less than 2% of the …
Integrated coastal management law: Establishing and strengthening national legal frameworks for integrated coastal management
… are rising and in many parts of the world disruptions of weather patterns are apparent in the increased frequency and … from an ICM perspective, storms, floods and other extreme weather events are increasing in frequency and … not be reached every year. H.A.T. and L.A.T. are not the extreme levels which can be reached as storm surges may cause …